Research Article | Published: 31 May 2022

Effect of ageing on germination and seedling vigour of teak (Tectona grandis) drupes

Subramanian Venkatesan, Poomaruthai Masilamani, Tamilmani Eevera, Ponnusamy Janaki, Sendrayaperumal Sundareswaran and Perumal Rajkumar

Indian Journal of Forestry | Volume: 44 | Issue: 4 | Page No. 169-173 | 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2022-77ESML | Cite this article

Abstract

Studies were conducted to find out the influence of accelerated and natural ageing on germination and seedling vigour of fresh teak drupes. The drupes were subjected to the following natural and accelerated ageing treatments viz., control, accelerated ageing for 1 to 15 days at 40oC and 100% RH and naturally ageing (stored at ambient temperature) for 1 to 15 months. The accelerated and natural aged drupes were placed for germination in sand filled earthen pots and kept in sunlight. The experiment was conducted in a Completely Randomized Block Design with ten replications. Germination percentage, number of seedlings/100 drupes, time taken for initial emergence, root length, shoot length, dry matter production and vigour index were recorded 28 days after sowing. The result revealed that the teak drupes subjected to accelerated ageing for 12 days had higher germination (40.6 percent) against 8.2 percent in control and showed an increasing trend with increased period of accelerated ageing (though not very consistently) up to 12 days and thereafter germination was reduced. Whereas in natural ageing treatment, drupes aged 15 months recorded highest germination of 29.2 percent. In natural storage, months after months storage drupes germination was increased. From this study, it could be concluded that instead of storing the drupes over a period of time to natural release of dormancy, 12 days of accelerated ageing enhanced the germination and seedling vigour of teak drupes.

Keywords

Accelerated ageing, After ripening, Natural ageing, Seed dormancy, Seed germination, Seedling growth

Access Options

250/-

Buy Full Access in HTML Format

Instant access to the full article.

Get access to the full version of this article. Buy Full Access in HTML Format

References

1. Abdul-Baki, A.A. and Anderson, J.D.,1973. Vigour determination in soybean seed by multiple criteria. Crop Sci.,13, pp.630-633.  https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1973.0011183X001300060013x

Google Scholar

2. Anandalakshmi, R, Singh, B.G, Sivakumar, V, Warrier, R.R. and Chevanan. G., 2005. Effect of Duration of Accelerated Ageing on Physiological Dormancy in Teak (Tectona grandis) Seeds: Preliminary Observations. Seed Res., 33(1), pp.70-72.

Google Scholar

3. Anon., 1956. Country report on teak forestry (Burma). In: Country reports on teak 11. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization (F.A.O.).

4. Association of official seed analysts (AOSA)., 1983. Seed Vigour Testing Hand Book. Contribution No.32.

Google Scholar

5. Basavarajappa, B.S, Shekar Shetty, H. and Prakash, H.S., 1991. Membrane deterioration and other biochemical changes, associated with accelerated ageing of maize seeds. Seed Sci Technol., 19(2), pp.279-286.

Google Scholar

6. Bewley, J.D. and Black, M., 2013. Seeds: physiology of development and germination: Springer Science & Business Media.

Google Scholar

7. Bhat, K.M. and Hwan, O., 2004. Teak growers unite. ITTO Trop Forest Update., 14(1), pp.3-5.

Google Scholar

8. Blanche, C.A., Elam, W.W. and Hodges, J.D., 1990. Accelerated aging of Quercus nigra seed: biochemical changes and applicability as a vigor test. Can JFor Res., 20(10), pp.1611-1615.  https://doi.org/10.1139/x90-213

Google Scholar

9. Bonner, F.T., 1984. Glossary of seed germination terms for tree seed workers. Vol. 49: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station.  https://doi.org/10.2737/SO-GTR-49

Google Scholar

10. Dabral, S.L., 1976. Extraction of teak seeds from fruits, their storage and germination. Ind. For., 102(10), pp.650-658.

Google Scholar

11. Dasappa., 1990. Nursery techniques in teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) for afforestation. My For., 26(1), pp.23-31.

12. De Sousa Soares Guilherme, O., Rubson, D.C.L., Gerson, D.S.J., Amanda, S.R, Jose, L.S. and Marcio, R.P.L., 2017. Methods for overcoming dormancy in teak diaspores. Pes. Agro. Trop., 47(4), pp.384-389.  https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632017v4749762

13. Delouche, J.C. and Baskin, C.C., 1973. Accelerated aging techniques for predicting the relative storability of seed lots. Seed Sci.Technol., 10, pp.427-452. https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/seedtechpapers/10

Google Scholar

14. Downie, B. and Wang, B.S.P., 1992. Upgrading germinability and vigour of jack pine, lodgepole pine, and white spruce by the IDS technique. Can J For Res., 22(8), pp.1124-1131. https://doi.org/10.1139/x92-149

Google Scholar

15. Elam, W.W., Blanche, C.A. and Turnbull, J.W., 1990. Accelerated aging: a potential vigour test for multipurpose tree seeds. Tropical tree seed research. Proc. Int. Workshop.

Google Scholar

16. Harrington, J.F.,1972. Seed Storage and Longevity. In: Kozlowski, T.T., (ed.), Seed Biology, Insects, and Seed Collection, Storage, Testing and Certification, Academic Press, New York, pp.145-245.  https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-395605-7.50009-0

Google Scholar

17. International Seed Testing Association., 1985. International rules for seed testing, Seed Sci Tech., 13, pp.229-355.

18. Kalpana, R. and Madhava Rao, K.V., 1994. Absence of the role of lipid peroxidation during accelerated ageing of seeds of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) cultivars. Seed Sci Technol., 22(2), pp.253-260.

Google Scholar

19. Kaosa-ard, A, Suangtho, V. and Kjaer, E.D., 1998. Genetic improvement of teak (Tectona grandis) in Thailand. For. Gen. Res., 26, pp.21-29.

Google Scholar

20. Keiding, H., 1985. Seed Leaflet No. 4 Teak Tectona grandis Linn. f. Danida, Humlebaek.

Google Scholar

21. Leopold, A.C. and Vertucci, C.W., 1989. Moisture as a regulator of physiological reaction in seeds. Seed mois., 14, pp.51-67.  https://doi.org/10.2135/cssaspecpub14.c4

Google Scholar

22. Mathew, J., and Vasudeva, R., 2003. Clonal variation for seed germination in teak (Tectona grandis Linn. F.). Current Science., 84(8), pp.1133-1135.

Google Scholar

23. Masilamani, P., Buvaneswaran, C. and Nelson Navamaniraj, K., 2015. Current status on seed handling techniques in teak. Adv Tree Seed Sci Sil.

24. Masilamani, P. and Dharmalingam, C., 2001. Effect of accelerated aging on germination and seedling vigour of teak (Tectona grandis). J. Trop. For. Sci., pp.93-98.

Google Scholar

25. Masilamani, P, Dharmalingam, C. and Annadurai, K., 2008. Effect of Calcium Oxychloride Pre-sowing Treatment to Hasten Germination of Teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) Drupes. Ind For., 134(12), pp.1680-1685.

Google Scholar

26. Masilamani, P, Dharmalingam, C and Gurudev Singh, B.,1997. An innovative method for early and enhanced germination of teak (Tectona grandis Linn, f) drupes. Seed Nursery and Technology of Forest Trees. In Edwards, DGW. and Naithani, S.C. (eds). Proceedings of the IUFRO Symposium. New Age International (P) Limited Publishers, New Delhi.

Google Scholar

27. Masilamani, P, Singh, B.G. and Manimuthu, L.,1998. Influence of collection methods and treatment of seeds on the germination and seedling vigour of teak. Ban. J. For. Sci., 27(2), pp.138-140.

Google Scholar

28. Masilamani, P., Dharmalingam, C. and Annadurai, K., 2002. Inhibitory effect of water extract of epicarp and mesocarp of teak on germination of some field crops.  Indian J. Forest., 25, pp.39-41.

Google Scholar

29. Masilamani, P, Rajanbabu, V. and Venkatesan, S., 2020. Effect of Drupe size Grading on in Vivo and in Vitro Germination and its Dormancy Mechanism of Teak (Tectona grandis Linn. F). Biosci Biotech Res Asia., 17, pp.673-683.  https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2871

Google Scholar

30. Murthy, A.K., 1973. Problems of teak seed. 2. germination studies. International Symposium on Seed Processing Seed Problems international Union of Forestry Research Organizations.

Google Scholar

31. Pandey, D., 1998. Forest plantation areas, 1995. Report of the FAO project GCP. INT/628/UK.

Google Scholar

32. Ravichand, A. and Gunaga, R.P., 2021. Seed Biology and Seed Orchard Dynamics in Teak. In The Teak Genome, pp.139-153. Springer.  https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79311-1_9

Google Scholar

33. Rehman, S.P.J.C, Harris, P.J.C. and Bourne, W.F., 1999. Effect of artificial ageing on the germination, ion leakage and salinity tolerance of Acacia tortilis and Acacia coriacea seeds. Seed Sci. Technol., 27(1), pp.141-149.

Google Scholar

34. Singh, O. and Bonner, F.T., 2001. Accelerated aging to evaluate seed vigour in eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) seed. J. Trop. For. Sci., pp.283-289.

Google Scholar

35. Sivakumar, V., Parthiban, K.T., Singh, B.C., Gnanambal, V.S., Anandalakshmi, R. and Geetha, S., 2002. Variability in drupe characters and their relationship on seed germination in Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.).  Sil gene., 51(5-6), pp.232-236.

Google Scholar

36. Slator, N.J, Andrew, N.C. and Doland Nichols, J., 2013. Mechanical but not physical dormancy is a cause of poor germination in teak (Tectona grandis Lf). New For., 44 (1), pp.39-49.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-011-9298-0

Google Scholar

37. Smith, M.T. and Berjak, P., 1995. Deteriorative changes associated with the loss of viability of stored desiccation-tolerant and-sensitive seeds. In Kigel J. and Galili G. (eds), Seed Development and Germination. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc.

Google Scholar

38. Sung, J.M. and Jeng, T.L., 1994. Lipid peroxidation and peroxide?scavenging enzymes associated with accelerated aging of peanut seed. Physio plant., 91(1), pp.51-55.

Google Scholar

39. Taylor, R.B, Barbara, A.K, Ellen, M.K, Jack, R.G. and Douglas, D.P., 1995. Street blocks with more nonresidential land use have more physical deterioration: Evidence from Baltimore and Philadelphia. Urban Affairs Rev., 31(1), pp.120-136. https://doi.org/10.1177/107808749503100106

Google Scholar

40. Tewari, D.N., 1992. A monograph on teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.): International book distributors.

Google Scholar

41. Thapliyal, R.C. and Connor, K.F., 1997. Effects of accelerated ageing on viability, leachate exudation, and fatty acid content of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Seed Sci. Technol., 25(2), pp.311-319.

Google Scholar

42. Troup, R.S.,1921. The Silviculture of Indian Trees. Clarendon Press, Oxford.

43. Vanangamudi, K, Venkatesh, A, Balaji, B, Vanangamudi, M. and Vinaya Rai, R.S., 2000. Prediction of seed storability in neem (Azadirachta indica) and jamun (Syzygium cuminii) through accelerated ageing test.  J. Trop. For. Sci., 12(2), pp.270-275.

Google Scholar

44. Vichien, S., Hedegart, T. and Lauridsen, E.B.,1974. Compendium and manual for Teak improvement centre staff. Teak improvement centre.

Google Scholar

About this article

How to cite

Venkatesan, S., Masilamani, P., Eevera, T., Janaki, P., Sundareswaran, S. and Rajkumar, P., 2021. Effect of ageing on germination and seedling vigour of teak (Tectona grandis) drupes. Indian Journal of Forestry, 44(4), pp.169-173. https://doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2022-77ESML

Publication History

Manuscript Received on 07 May 2022

Manuscript Revised on 15 May 2022

Manuscript Accepted on 28 May 2022

Manuscript Published on 31 May 2022

Share this article

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: