This research aimed to analyze the land use/ land cover (LULC) change in Qorveh-Dehgolan Basin (Kurdistan, Iran) from 2000 to 2017 (four sets of data) using Landsat (7 and 8) images. Supervised classification using maximum likelihood generated four series of LULC maps by ENVI 5.3 software. Overall, six major classes including bare soil, water body, vegetation cover, agriculture land, grassland, and settlements were identified and mapped.The LULC style has changed over 17 years. It was determined that the waterbody class has continuously reduced about 173.66 km² from 2000 to 2017 by 63%. The agriculture class has considerably increased from 2000 to 2017 about 129.43 km² and finally, the area of settlement class increased about 54.06. km². The overall accuracy was 81.50%, 85.0%, 92.00%, 92.00% for the years of 2000, 2006, 2013 and 2017 respectively.

Poa L. and Vulpia C.C.Gmel. represented by Poa annua  L., and Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C.Gmel. are reported as new generic records  for the flora of Andhra Pradesh.

During the field survey and plant exploration tour of Morni Hills, Panchkula, Haryana, the authors collected about 2200 field numbers (980 species) during different seasons, out of them 53 species were not reported in the floristic documentation before. The present paper enumerates 53 plant species which are new to the flora of Haryana. Morphological characters, flowering and fruiting time along with ecological notes have also been provided.

The present study was carried out to prepare a comprehensive list of endemic flowering plants found  in Gudalur Forest Division, Nilgiri Plateau, Tamil Nadu. A total of 58 plant species of flowering plants belonging to 43 genera and 26 families were recorded. Most of the 58 species are  Peninsular Indian endemics. The genus Pogostemon has 4 endemic species followed by Actinodaphne, Cinnamomum and Lencas, each with 3 species. Most of the endemic taxa recorded in the study area are rare in occurrence and restricted to a few locations. Of the 58 endemic species, one belongs to the Critically Endangered, 8 Endangered and 4 Vulnerable category of IUCN Red-listed species.

The present work on Flora of  Sonanadi Wildlife Sanctuary, Uttarakhand- (Dicotyledons), revealed the presence of  477 species including 5 subspecies and 8 varieties under 317 genera belonging to 89 families of Angiosperms. The correct botanical name with author citation followed by specimens examined, herbarium acronyms (within bracket) and local names in italics are provided.

The present paper reports the emergence of sal heartwood borer, Hoplocerambyx spinicornis Newman (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and its infestation in Dindori Forest Division, Dindori, Madhya Pradesh, during the year 2012-2014.Out of the six sal forest ranges, viz. Bajag, East Karanjia, West Karanjia, Garasarai, North Samnapur and South Samnapur, sal borer incidence was recorded in five ranges, and there was no borer attacked trees noticed in sal forests of Garasarai range during the study period.The emergence of borer beetles started during the year 2012. The data on borer infestations revealed that a total of 699 sal trees were affected during the year 2012 in three ranges, viz. Bajag, East Karanjia, and South Samnapur, 6139 during 2013 in four ranges, viz. Bajag, East Karanjia, West Karanjia, and South Samnapur, 29382 during 2014 in five ranges, viz.Bajag, East Karanjia, West Karanjia, North Samnapur and South Samnapur. The average sal borer incidence was 0.02 tree/ha, 0.11 tree/ha, 0.45 tree/ha during the year 2012, 2013 and 2014 respectively. The maximum number of borer affected sal trees was recorded to be in Type T7 and girth class 121-150 cm GBH. The number of borer affected sal trees and sal borer incidence recorded during the study period was correlated with meteorological data, such as temperature, relative humidity and rainfall. The data on borer incidence when correlated with minimum, maximum, and mean temperatures, relative humidity and rainfall showed significant (P<0.05) negative correlation with relative humidity (r = -0.927), other parameters exhibited no conclusive (P>0.05) difference. Trap-tree operation was conducted during the emergence period (June-July) of sal borer beetles, in different affected compartments of Forest Ranges, for its collection. A total number of borer beetles trapped were 1285 during the year 2013, collected from three ranges, whereas during the year 2014 and 2015 beetletrapped was 4440 and 79186 collected from four and five ranges of the Division respectively. The collection of borer beetles reduced its incidence which reflects the efficiency of Trap-tree operation in management of sal borer. The results are discussed in the light of the present findings.

An exercise undertaken in this article has unravelled the status of forest offences in Himachal Pradesh from 1965-66 to 2009-10. It brought out that a total of 10,39,172 no. of forest offences (average 23093 annually) were taken cognizance of  in the State from 1965-66 to 2009-10. The highest no.of offences ( 43901 no.)  were detected in 1975-76 and the lowest (11869 no.) in the year 2006-07. Illegal felling & grazing related offences together constituted nearly 57%, forest fire related offences were less than 2% whereas the miscellaneous offences were nearly 40% of the total. The period from 1971 to 1985 experienced sharp increase in the number. of  forest offences, though  the offences taken cognizance of  were disposed off quite efficiently. The rate of disposal ranged from 71.88% to 80.13% during various time periods from 1965-66 to 2009-10 with overall disposal rate of 77.52 %  Of the total no. of offences disposed off  9.3% of the cases were taken to Courts/ authorised officers and  78.4%. were disposed off by way of compounding, 13.23% remained untraced/filed.  Periodic trend (5 year blocks i.e. P1 to P9) revealed 50% decline in forest offences during P-9 (2005-2009) compared to what existed during P-1(1966-70). Ironically the downturn was despite tremendous increase in human and domestic animal population in the State during same time. The success rate of the offences decided by Courts/ Authorised officers ranged from 76.92% during-P-1(1965-69) to 98.9% during P-9(2005-09) as per data published by State Forest Department. On the other hand, cases registered with Police from 1988 to 2015 secured conviction rate of 12.99%.

Four species of Lejeunea: L. discreta Lindenb., L. parva (S. Hatt.) Mizut., L. princeps (Steph.) Mizut. and L. subacuta Mitt. are reported and described here for the first time from Nagaland.

Floristic surveys were carried out in the Shahjahanpur district, Uttar Pradesh from 2009 to 2012. The vegetation of this region is dry deciduous and this is the first exclusive floristic study in the district. The paper enumerates 527 species of angiosperms found as wild or naturalized in the study area. These species are distributed in 346 genera and 94 families. Out of them, 78 families, 271 genera and 411 species  belong to dicotyledons and 16 families, 75 genera and 116 species to monocotyledons. The proportion of monocotyledons to the dicotyledons is 1:3.5 and genus to species is 1:1.5. Families with maximum number of species are Fabaceae (61), Poaceae (53) and Asteraceae (50), which together represent 31.1% of all the species. Orchidaceae, the most dominating family of India is represented by only one member, i.e., Zeuxine strateumatica of the total species 381 species are herbs (72.43%), 55(10.45%) is shrub, 52 (9.88%) trees and 38 (7.22%) climbers. According to IUCN criteria one species is classified as Data Deficient and 43 species as Least Concern.

Cololejeunea raduliloba Steph., is collected from Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary in Jorhat (Assam). In India, this species is little known and authentically reported only from Western Ghats and Sri Lanka biodiversity hotspot. In the Assam region, its presence was earlier doubted; hence present report confirms its occurrence in the region.

During British time, Asplenium phyllitidis D. Don was known to occur in different localities of Gori and Ramganga valleys of district Pithoragarh of Kumaun region, Uttarakhand but now it is restricted in to a single locality. Therefore, this rare and endangered fern of Uttarakhand needs conservation at regional level. In present communication its distribution, threats and conservation in Kumaun are discussed in detail.

Oenothera laciniata Hill (Onagraceae) collected from Ajmer district is reported here as an addition to the Flora of Rajasthan State. A detailed description and color photograph as well as herbarium specimen are provided to facilitate identification.

Twenty five species are added to the lichen flora of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Arthonia aciniformis Stirt., A. nigratula (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant., Coenogonium disciforme Papong et al., Echinoplaca diffluens (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant., Fellhanera pilomarginata Lücking, Physcia fragilescens Zahlbr., Porina subnitidula Colín & B. Peña, Pseudopyrenula subnudata Müll. Arg., Sporopodium subflavescens Lücking & Lumbsch, Syncesia albiseda (Nyl.) Tehler, Tricharia santessoniana Kalb & V?zda and Trichothelium sipmanii Lücking are reported as new records for India. Graphis xanthospora Müll. Arg. is excluded.

Four species of Poaceae, viz., Euclasta clarkei (Hack.) Cope, Eulalia leschenaultiana (Decne.) Ohwi, Paspalum longifolium Roxb. and Sporobolus piliferus (Trin.) Kunth have been reported as new distributional records for Chhattisgarh state.