Different agroforestry models namely agrosilviculture, silvipastoral and silviculture were developed in the riverine type of land. These models were maintained with underground saline water of different salinity. Plant height and plant girth(DBH) was monitored to understand growth pattern of the Acacia nilotica. The growth of A. nilotica was not significantly affected by salinity of water through the variations in growth parameter in different agroforestry systems were significant at 1% level. The growth of A. nilotica in agrosilviculture system found better than other two. Nutritive value of top feed of Acacia nilotica maintained with saline water is better than the result reported elsewhere in various situation in India.

Studies were undertaken in ten and twenty year old pure stands of Acacia auriculiformis along with twenty year old mixed stand with dominance of Enterolobium cyclocarpum in Auroville, South Arcot District, Tamil Nadu. The diversity of species and the number of seedlings sprouting under tree stands differed with overstorey vegetation. The mixed stand favoured more diversified indigenous regeneration than pure stands of A. auriculiformis. The diversity index for regenerating seedlings was greater in mixed stand (0.356) than in ten and twenty year old pure stands of A. auriculiformis (0.193 and 0.096 respectively). Abundance of established seedlings of A. auriculiformis was greater in ten year old pure stand (14.8 per sq. m) than in twenty year old stand (10.9 per sq. m) and was least under mixed stand (6.8 per sq. m). The accumulated litter layer (with annual litter production ranging from 10.4 to 14.0 t/ha) and dense canopy of A. auriculiformis stands favoured less the establishment of indigenous species and at the same time it encouraged its own progenies to establish in its shade.

The Yangoupokpi-Lokchao Wildlife Sanctuary in Manipur is situated on the Indo-Myanmar border. The occurrence of 86 species of fishes, 6 species of amphibia, 29 species of reptiles, 74 species of aves and 42 species of mammalia with their status have been reported in the present investigation. It has been reported to be an important wildlife sanctuary being the natural breeding and spawning ground, migratory centre and home of highly endangered animals like masheers, turtle, parakeets, birds belonging to phasianidae, serow, wild cats, toddy cats, civet cats, hoolock gibbon, elephants, etc.

Ayyalur Interface Forestry Project in Tamil Nadu was launched in 1988 to develop Ayyalur degraded reserved forest and the people living in its vicinity with the active participation of the local people. Afforestation, Soil and Moisture Conservation and Social Fencing are the major interventions of the project to improve the vegetation cover of Ayyalur forest. The present study aimed to measure the impact of the project on the vegetation cover of the degraded reserved forest at micro level.

Study on seed mycoflora of Prosopis chinensis, Albizia procera, Michelia champaca, Bauhinia. purpurea, Acacia nilotica, A. catechu and Paulownia fortunei was undertaken. In all sixteen fungi belonging to eight genera were recorded of which moulds were predominant. Maximum number of fungi, i.e., 8 appeared on seeds of P. fortunei and minimum i.e., 4 was recorded on P. chinensis. Aspergilli were present on seeds of all the tree species except A. procera whereas Penicillium citrinum was detected on M. champaca, A. procera, P. fortunei and B. purpurea and was absent on other tree species. Three species of Phoma were detected on P. fortunei only whereas Trichothecium roseum was present on seeds of only A. procera. Fusarium avenaceum was present on seeds of A. procera, A. nilotica, A. catechu and B. purpurea whereas it was absent in M. champaca and P. fortunei. Application of Emisan, Topsin and Bavistin @ 2g/kg and Dithane M-45, Copper Oxychloride and Thiram @ 4g/kg of seeds showed that Emisan was most effective in controlling seed mycoflora of all the tree species studied. However, in order of efficacy Emisan was followed by Thiram in M. champaca, A. procera and A. nilotica, Bavistin in P. chinensis, P. fortunei and B. purpurea and Dithane M-45 in case of A. catechu. However, Topsin and Copper oxychloride were least effective.

Yield table for Casuarina equisetifolia, based on data gathered from Kerala, is reported. The volume-diameter relation, height-diameter relation and the site index equation associated with the yield function are also presented. The rotation age worked out varied from 4 to 8 years depending on the site quality and stocking level. For a given site quality, rotation age comes down with increase in stocking and for a given stocking level, rotation age increases with decrease in site quality level.

Twenty two eucalypt species were grown in three sub-surface acid soils over a period of 20 weeks in the glasshouse. Seedling growth was evaluated in terms of seedling height and shoot weight at harvest. Growth of the eucalypts were significantly (P = 0.05) higher in soil 1 which was richer in organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus compared to the other 2 soils. Growth in soil 2 was intermediate but not significantly higher than in soil 3. Most of the Eucalyptus gummifera, E. saligna and E. rossii have shown physiological disorders in all the three soils. Some of the E. occidentalis and E. calcicola also have shown physiological disorders in all the 3 soils. From visual symptoms, these could be suspected to be due to phosphorus deficiency. Chemical analysis revealed higher P concentration in seedlings of soil 1. Also mineral composition of K, Ca, Mg, Mn and Na were significantly different between species and across the three soils. Few eucalypt species were identified from this study for future experiments related to Al toxicity and Ca deficiency.

Nidification aspects of Large Grey Babbler, Turdoides malcolmi (Sykes) were studied in Kurukshetra for a period of one year, i.e., June 1992 to May 1993. Large Grey Babblers occupy about 18 different tree species (exotic as well as indigenous) as their nest lodging sites. Nests were lodged inside thick foliaged trees, at the approximate termination of shooting branches and at the end of few swinging and dropping branches. Nest of Large Grey Babbler is a bowl shaped structure made up of twigs, grasses and dried branches with inner lining of finer material. The cavity of the nest depends upon the dispositioning of the nest. The present studies reveal that Turdoides malcolmi have tendency to adapt itself to new and diversified environment. Moreover, nest lodging may also depends upon the functional availability of the spatial habitat.

During the two year study, main activity period of mango hopper was observed during February to May with peak population of 27.97/inflorescence in March and 9.75/ leaf during April. Out of the nine insecticides tested for their efficacy against pest, synthetic pyrethroids proved to be the best followed by Methyl parathion, quinalphos and endosulphan with mean mortality between 95.3 to 70.8. All the treatment were superior over control and were effective up to 10-15 days.

Biological aspects of Trabala vishnou (Lefevere) on Populus commonly known as poplar were studied during the months of August to November under laboratory conditions with temperature 25.16 ± 0.430C and relataive humidity 71.19 ± 4.81%. This study reveals that the insect has a fecundity of 215.93 ± 30.20 eggs. The incubation period in 11.23 ± 1.05 days. The duration of the first instar larvae is 16.24 ± 1.5 days, of second 17.12 ± 2.13 days, of third 16.18 ± 2.30 days, of fourth 15.64 ± 3.29 days and of the fifth is 20.10 ± 4.28 days. The pre-pupal period is of 3-5 days and pupal period of 15.0 ±1.39 days. The insect completes the life cycle in 114.51 ± 6.68 days. The pre-oviposition and oviposition period are 1.20 ± 0.53 days and 3.39 ± 0.82 days respectively. The sex ratio (Male : Female) is 6:1. Observations on feeding behaviour indicate that the younger instars (1-3) feed gregariously while the later instars (4 & 5) are solitary and voracious feeders.

The growth performances and economic returns of Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) growing as intercrop in bamboo plantations are discussed. Pigeon pea intercropped in 1:1 rows at 3 m x 3 m spacing (250 plants/ha) and in 1:2 rows at 2 m x 2 m spacing (500 plants/ha) in bamboo plantations. The results of investigation indicated that on annual basis a net amount of Rs. 7900/- (2 m x 2 m) and Rs. 13,300 (3 m x 3 m) can be obtained. This agrisilviculture model provides food, fuel, fodder and timber to rural population.

An experiment consisting two levels of moisture regimes : (50 per cent ASM regimes and 75 per cent ASM regimes and four levels of fertility control, 40 kg N+80 kg P2O5, 80 kg N+120 kg P2O5, 120 kg N+160 kg P2O5) was conducted in winter season of 1993-94 and 1994-95 with the crop Leucaena at RBS College Research Farm, Bichpuri Campus, Agra. The result revealed that 75 per cent available soil moisture showed its superiority in tree height, Dbh, number of branches and biomass yield (q ha-1) over 50 per cent available soil moisture regimes. Variations in Leucaena height, diameter at breast height and number of branches due to fertility levels were quite nominal and could not reach the level of significance.

Correlation co-efficients and path co-efficient were calculated for 20 rooting parameters in 10 exotic mulberry germplasm accessions. Rooting % found to have higher positive correlation with shoot length, number of leaves per sapling, leaf weight (fresh and dry), shoot weight (fresh and dry), biomass weight (fresh and dry), root weight (fresh and dry), root length, root volume and root numbers per sapling. Path analysis of root weight (fresh) as independent character revealed shoot length, leaf weight (fresh and dry), shoot weight (fresh), root weight (dry) had strong direct effect on root weight (fresh).

Observations on growth performance of fifteen mulberry germplasm accessions were carried out at different interval of days after pruning. Maximum growth was observed in Hungarian followed by Mandalaya after 90 days of pruning. Among the indigenous accession, maximum growth was recorded in Kanva-2 followed by M. indica (H.P.). Analysis of variance revealed that the growth rate was significant at P<0.01 among different accessions. The exotic accessions showed higher growth rate irrespective of geographical origin and provides ample scope for selection alongwith indigenous accessions for crop improvement.

Allelopathic activity of Tectona grandis was studied in bioassays on germination, seedling growth, nodulation, chemical and biochemical parameters on soybean. Leaf, root and soil extracts of teak exhibited stimulatory effect on peroxidase activity, nodulation and protein in soybean seeds. Root extract enhanced enzymatic activity up to 39 fold over control followed by leaf and soil extracts. Leaf extract increased nodulation up to 19% followed by soil and root extracts. Maximum increase 37% in seed protein was observed by leaf extract followed by root and soil extracts. Soil and root extracts have stimulated synthesis of chlorophyll ‘a’, chlorophyll ‘b’, protein and amino acid, while inhibited carbohydrate and ascorbic acid content in soybean leaves. Shoot length, radicle length and germination were also increased by soil and root extracts. Nitrogen application with all extracts has adversely affected carbohydrate, ascorbic acid, germination, plumule and radicle length, while promoted peroxidase, amino acids, shoot length and seed protein. All extracts without nitrogen have promoted nodulation. Polyphenols and glycosides were present in all extracts and their concentration was in the order root > leaf > soil, while stimulatory activity was in the order soil > leaf > root. High Performance Liquid Chromatography revealed the presence of 4 phenolic acids in leaf, 6 in root and 6 in soil extracts.

From the various figures it is apparent that there exists a lot of water potential in the Garhwal Himalaya, for which some appropriate eco-based technologies (ebt) are required to be developed for their sustainable use. This is required to improve the socio-economic status of the people, who are in general dependent either upon agriculture or jobs. As a matter of fact industrialization of these hilly tracts excepting those based on agro and tourism, may not be economically viable due to their rigorous nature. The natural calamities like floods, which occurred in Tehri and earthquakes tremors in Uttarkashi and Chamoli could be well mitigated and managed to lesser degree of losses by proper management of their watersheds. Although directly these are not employed but it is very important to consider the watershed management programme in relation to forest vegetation and other land use practices in general and especially to agro-based societies of Himalayan tracts in particular because of the very fact that the forest vegetation plays an important role directly and indirectly in the watershed development.  

Lymantria detersa Walker, a cousin of the notorious Gypsy moth is recorded as a new pest on Casuarina equisetifolia. Mode of feeding and damage caused are described. Sexual dimorphism exhibited by this species is discussed. Control measures are suggested.

Two wood decaying fungi, viz., Polyporus zeylanicus and Irpex flavus were isolated from wooden logs of jackfruit and khair respectively. Their detrimental effects on chemical composition of wood were studied. The fungus P. zeylanicus reduced the weight of jackfruit up to 121.48% while I. flavus reduced the weight of khair up to 58.79%. The fungus I. flavus in khair reduced the holocellulose, hemicellulose and lignin up to 52.94%, 40.88% and 24.61%, respectively. The fungus P. zeylanicus in jackfruit reduced the holocellulose hemicellulose and lignin up to 58.84%, 35.18% and 27.17%, respectively.

A study on the standardisation of pre-sowing hardening techniques in Acacia nilotica indicated that soaking of acid scarified seeds in water for 90 hrs. followed by 3 hrs. of shade drying was optimum for seed hardening. Hardened seeds performed better recording higher germination and vigour under a low WHC of 30% than under a high WHC of 50%.

I.D.A. 2572 IN, Forestry Research Education and Extension Project launched on 30th Sept., 1994 will complete its five years term on 29th Sept., 1999. The Research System Support to N.G.O.s, Universities, Forest based Industries and State Forest Department who are covered in this are benefited from this fund. More than 200 projects were sanctioned in various Research Grant Board Meeting to all these agencies. The distribution of funds under different forestry disciplines and method of monitoring the progress is dealt in this paper.

In this investigation the edaphic nature of the grassland habitat system has been analysed and discussed. From the results, it is held that these soils are exceptionally high in silica content, sesquioxides and iron oxide. The release of vital cations and anions in their respective soil solutions is relatively poor. However, the soils are highly satisfactory for energy materials content, available nitrogen and water holding capacity but very poor in available phosphorus. In the end paper has been concluded with possible suggestions.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal association was studied in bamboo species in a trial plantation at a reforested site. A total of thirty six AM fungi belonging to six genera were isolated. Out of which, the genus Glomus was dominantly represented by eighteen species followed by Acaulospora and Scutellospora with seven and six species respectively. Sclerocystis, Entrophospora and Gigaspora were represented by two & one species. Amongst the host species Dendrocalamus strictus and Bambusa nutans have the highest spore population of AM fungi. The results show a significant variation in abundance and distribution of AM fungi.

It is pointed out that it was Sprengel and not Willdenow who validly published the name Tianthema triquetra. It is further pointed out that this name is typified on Rottler material collected in Tamil Nadu, India.