1. Akinmoladun, A.C., Ibukun, E.O., Afor, E., Akinrinlola, B.L., Onibon, T.R., Akinboboye, A.O., Obutor, E.M. and Farombi, E.O. (2007). Chemical constituents and antioxidant activity of Alstonia boonei. African Journal of Biotechnology. 6: 1197-1201
2. Bowler, C., Van Montagu, M. and Inze, D. (1992). Superoxide dismutase and stress tolerance. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 43: 83-116. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.43.060192.000503
3. Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M. E. and Berset, C. (1995). Use of a free-radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT-Food. Sci. Technol. 28: 25-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0023-6438(95)80008-5
4. Candan, N. and Tarhan, L. (2003). The correlation between antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation levels in Mentha pulegium organs grown in Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Mn2+ stress conditions. Plant Science. 163: 769-779. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9452(03)00269-3
5. Cheng, ZX., Liu, BR., Qian, XP., Ding, YT., Hu, WJ., Sun, J., Yu, LX., (2008). Proteomic analysis of anti-tumor effects by Rhizoma Paridis total saponin treatment in HepG2 cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacol. 120, 129-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2008.07.030
6. Cheung, J. Y., Ong, R. C., Suen, Y. K., Ooi, V., Wong, H. N., Mak, T. C., Fung, K. P., Yu, B. and Kong, S. K. (2005). Polyphyllin D is a potent apoptosis inducer in drug-resistant HepG2 cells. Cancer Lett. 217:203-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2004.06.042
7. Deng, S., Yu, B., Hui, Y., Yu, H. and Han, X. (1999). Synthesis of three diosgenyl saponins:dioscin, polyphyllin D, and balanitin 7. Carbohydr Res. 317:53-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6215(99)00066-X
8. Dutta, I. C. (2007). Non Timber Forest Products of Nepal: Identification, Classification, Ethnic Uses and Cultivation. Hillside Press. Kathmandu
9. Foyer, C.H, Descourvieres, P. and Kunert, K.J. (1994). Protection against oxygen radicals: An important defence mechanism studied in transgenic plants. Plant Cell Environ. 17: 507-523. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1994.tb00146.x
10. Fu, Y.L., Zhao, Z.H., Shan, Y.J. and Cong, Y.W. (2007). Inducing effect of tota steroid saponins from Paris polyphylla on platelet aggregation in vitro and its potential mechanism. Bulletin Academy Military Medical Sciences. 31: 416-419
11. Gao, L. L., Li, F. R., Jiao, P., Yang, M. F., Zhou, X. J., Si, Y. H., Jiang, W. J. and Zheng, T. T. (2011). Paris chinensis dioscin induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells. World J. Gastroenterol. 17:4389-4395. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v17.i39.4389
12. Gara, L.D., Pinto, M.C. and Tommasi, F. (2003). The antioxidant systems vis-á-vis reactive oxygen species during plant-pathogen interaction. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 41: 863-870. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0981-9428(03)00135-9
13. Guanglie, C., Weishi, G., Gailing, H. and Jianping, C. (2013). Effect of Paris Saponin on Antitumor and Immune Function in U14 Tumor- Bearing Mice. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines. 10: 503-507. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v10i3.17
14. Harborne, J.B. (1998). Phytochemical Methods: A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis. 2nd ed. Chapman and Hall, London
15. Hateno, T., Edamatsu, R. and Mari, A. (1987). Effects of interactions of tannins and co existing substances VI, effects of tannins and related polyphenols on superoxide anion radical and a DPPH radical. Chemistry and Pharmceutical Bulletin. 37: 2016-2021. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.37.2016
16. Hossain, M.A. and Nagooru, M.R. (2011). Biochemical profiling and total flavonoids contents of leaves crude extract of endemic medicinal plant Corydyline terminalis L. Kunth. Pharmacogn J. 3 (24): 25-30. https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2011.24.5
17. Hossain, M.A., Muhammad, M.D., Charles, G. and Muhammad, I. (2011). In vitro total phenolics, flavonoids contents and antioxidant activity of essential oil, various organic extracts from the leaves of tropical medicinal plant Tetrastigma from Sabah. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 4 (9) : 717-721. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1995-7645(11)60180-6
18. Kahkonen, M.P., Hopia, A.I., Vuorela,, H.J., Rauha, J.P., Pihlaja, K., Kujala, T.S. and Heinonen, M. (1999). Antioxidant activity of plant extracts containing phenolic compounds. J Agri Food Chem. 47: 3954-3962. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf990146l
19. Khilfi, S., Hachimi, E., Khalil, A., Es-Safi, A., Belahyam, A., Tellal, A. and El Abbouyi, A. (2006). In-vitro antioxidant properties of Salvia verbenaca. L. hydromethanolic extract. Indian Journal of Pharmacology. 38 : 276-280. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7613.27025
20. Kokate, K.C. (1997). Practical Pharmacognosy. (4th ed.) Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi
21. Lai, L.S., Chou, S.T. and Chao, W.W. (2001). Studies on the antioxidative activities of Hsiantsao (Mesona procumbens.Hemsl.) leaf gum. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49: 963-968. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf001146k
22. Li, B., Yu, B., Hui, Y., Li, M., Han, X. and Fung, K. P. (2001). An improved synthesis of the saponin, polyphyllin D. Carbohydr Res. 331:1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6215(01)00014-3
23. Liu, X., Zhao, M., Wang, J., Yang, B. and Jiang, Y. (2008). Antioxidant activity of methalonic extract of Emblica fruit (Phyllanthus emblica L.) from six regions in China. J. Food Compos. Anal. 21: 219-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2007.10.001
24. Miliauskas, G., Venskutonis, P.R. and Van Beek, T.A. (2004). Screening of radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts. Food Chemistry. 85: 231-237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.05.007
25. Mittler, R. (2002). Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance. Trends in Plant Science. 7: 405- 410. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1360-1385(02)02312-9
26. Molyneux, P. (2004). The use of stable free radical Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (Dpph) for estimating antioxidant activity. Songklanakarin J. Sci. Techno. 26 (2): 211-219
27. Oyaizu, M. (1986). Studies on products of browning reaction prepared from glucoseamine. Jpn. J. Nutr. 44: 307-314. https://doi.org/10.5264/eiyogakuzashi.44.307
28. Packer, L., Rimbach, G. and Virgili, F. (1999). Antioxidant activity and biologic properties of a procyanidin-rich extract from Pine (Pinus maritima) bark, pycnogenol. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 27: 704-724. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(99)00090-8
29. Pavel S., Borivoj, K. and Vlastimil, K. (2006). Determination of Total Content of Phenolic Compounds and Their Antioxidant Activity in Vegetables-Evaluation of Spectrophotometric Methods. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54: 607-616. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf052334j
30. Pérez-Jiménez, J., Arranz, S., Tabernero, M., Diaz- Rubio, M. E., Serrano, J., Goñi, I. and Saura-Calixto, F. (2008). Updated methodology to determine antioxidant capacity in plant foods, oils and beverages: extraction, measurement and expression of results. Food Research International. 41 (3): 274-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2007.12.004
31. Rice-Evans, C.A., Diplock, A.T. and Symons, M.C.R. (1991). Techniques in Free Radical Research. Elsevier, Amsterdam
32. Scandalios, J.G. (1993). Oxygen stress and superoxide dismutase. Plant Physiol. 101: 7-12. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.101.1.7
33. Sreeramulu, D., Reddy, C.V.K. and Raghunath, M. (2009). Antioxidant activity of commonly consumed cereals, millets, pulses and legumes in India. Indian J. Biochem. Biophys. 46: 112-115
34. Subramanian, R., Subbramaniyan, P. and Raj, V. (2013). Antioxidant activity of the stem bark of Shorea roxburghii and its silver reducing power. Springer Plus. 2: 28. https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-2-28
35. Sun, J., Chen, Y., Li, M. and Ge, Z. (1998). Role of antioxidant enzymes on ionizing radiation resistance. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 42: 586-592. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(97)00291-8
36. Terao, J., Piscula, M. and Yao, M.C. (1994). Protective effect of epicatechin, epicatechin gallate and quercetin on lipid peroxidation in phoshpolipid bilayers. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 308:278-284. https://doi.org/10.1006/abbi.1994.1039
37. Tiwari, J. K., Ballabha, R. and Tiwari, P. (2010). Ethnopaediatrics in Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India (psychomedicine and medicine). New York Science Journal. 3:123- 126
38. Uchida, A., Jagendorf, A.T., Hibino, T. and Takabe, T. (2002). Effects of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide on both salt and heat stress tolerance in rice. Plant Science. 163: 515-523. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9452(02)00159-0
39. Vaidyanathan, H., Sivakumar, P., Chakrabarsty, R. and Thomas, G. (2003). Scavenging of reactive oxygen species in NaCl-stressed Rice (Oryza sativa L.)-differential response in salt-tolerant and sensitive varieties. Plant Science. 165: 1411-1418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2003.08.005
40. Vassilopoulos, Y. (2009). Paris polyphylla. Medicine Section. Newsfinder. A literary favor to world culture Jan.
41. Winterbourn, C.C., Hawkins, R.E., Brian, M. and Carrel, R.W. (1975). The estimation of red cell superoxide dismutase activity. J. Lab Clini. Med. 85: 337– 341