Research Article | Open Access | Published: 10 March 2023

Orchids of Yellapur taluk, Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka

Shreyas Betageri and K. Kotresha

Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products | Volume: 29 | Issue: 4 | Page No. 185-192 | 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2023-G7L437 | Cite this article

Abstract

The paper enumerates 59 species of orchids collected from the Yellapur taluk, Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka state.

Keywords

Endemic, Epiphytic, Terrestrial, Wild orchids, Yellapur taluk

INTRODUCTION

Orchidaceae is a specialized family of monocots differing from other families in having gynostemium and labellum. It is represented by about 26000 species under 762 genera in the world (Mabberley, 2017). The orchids have flowers of ornamental value and are sought after for hybridization and setting as cut flowers. In India, the family is represented by about 1256 species under 155 genera (Singh et al., 2019), while Western Ghats support 307 species of orchids (Nayar, Beegam & Sibi, 2014). Cooke (1906) recorded 77 species of orchids in his Flora of Presidency of Bombay covering states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa and Karnataka. From Karnataka, he included Uttara Kannada, Belagavi, and Dharwad district and recorded 49 species of orchids, out of which 33 are from Uttara Kannada district alone. Rao and Sridhar (2007) reported 176 species from Karnataka state. Anand Rao recorded 95 Wild orchids from Uttara Kannada district, mainly from Dandeli and Sirsi taluk areas. Sachin A. Punekar and P. Lakshminarasimhan recorded 30 genera belonging to 54 species of wild orchids from Anshi National Park in the year 2011. In Karnataka the family has about 197 species (Sringeshwara & Sanjappa, 2019). G.R. Rao in his study “Wild orchids of Sharavathi River Basin and parts of Uttara Kannada” has recorded 36 wild orchids from localities in Bhatkal, Honnaver, Joida and Siddapur taluks.


Materials and methods

Yellapur taluk is located in the Uttar Kannada district of Karnataka state. Being located in the central part of Western Ghats, it has evergreen and semi-evergreen forests. It receives the highest (3554.6 mm annual) rainfall during the monsoon season. It has an elevation ranging between 150 m to 600 m and is spread over 1313 km2. It includes three semi-evergreen forests, i.e., Angoda to the north-west, Telgeri to the north-east, and Sahasarahalli to the south-east. During field surveys between 2019 to 2022, 59 wild orchid species were collected, photographed and identified with the help of flora (Hooker, 1875; Cooke, 1906; Gamble, 1928; Singh, 1988; Rao, 1998; Rao & Sridhar, 2007; Jalal, 2018). The specimens were pressed and dried as per the standard herbarium preparation methods (Rao & Jain, 1977) and deposited in the Herbarium of Karnatak Science College Dharwad (HKSCD).



Plate 1. A. Acampe ochracea (Lindl.) Hochr. B. Aerides crispum Lindl. C. Aerides maculosum Lindl. D. Aerides ringens (Lindl.) C.E.C.Fisch. E. Bulbophyllum sterile (Lam.) Suresh F. Bulbophyllum stocksii (Benth. ex Hook.f.) J.J.Verm. G. Chiloschista confusa Mathew, M.J., Mathew, J., Salim, P.M. & Szlach. H. Chiloschista glandulosa Blatt. & McCann I. Cleisostoma tenuifolium (L.) Garay J. Cottonia peduncularis (Lindl.) Rchb.f.  K. Cymbidium bicolor Lindl. L. Dendrobium barbatulum Lindl.




Plate 2. A. Dendrobium herbaceum Lindl. B. Dendrobium lawianum Lindl. C. Dendrobium macrostachyum Lindl. D. Dendrobium microbulbon A.Rich. E. Dendrobium nanum Hook.f. F. Dendrobium ovatum (L.) Kraenzl. G. Diplocentrum congestum Wight H. Eria filiformis (Wight) Rchb.f. I. Epipogium roseum (D.Don) Lindl. J. Eulophia spectabilis (Dennst.) Suresh K. Eulophia densiflora Lindl. L. Flickingeria nodosa (Dalzell) Seidenf.




Plate 3. A. Gastrochilus flabelliformis (Blatt. & McCann) C.J.Saldanha B. Habenaria crinifera Lindl. C. Habenaria grandifloriformis Blatt. & McCann D. Habenaria heyneana Lindl. E. Habenaria longicorniculata J.Graham F. Habenaria multicaudata Sedgw. G. Habenaria ovalifolia Wight H. Habenaria plantaginea Lindl. I. Liparis odorata (Willd.) Lindl. J. Luisia macrantha Blatt. & McCann K. Luisia zeylanica Lindl.  L. Nervilia concolor (Blume) Schltr.




Plate 4. A. Nervilia crociformis (Zoll. & Mor.) Seidenf. B. Nervilia infundibulifolia Blatt. & McCann C. Nervilia plicata (Andrews) Schltr. D. Oberonia falconeri Hook.f. E. Oberonia proudlockii Lindl. F. Oberonia verticillata Wight G. Pecteilis gigantea (Sm.) Raf. H. Peristylus aristatus Lindl. I. Peristylus densus Lindl. J. Peristylus plantagineus (Lindl.) Lindl. K. Pholidota imbricata Hook. L. Polystachya concreta (Jacq.) Garay & H.R.Sweet




Plate 5. A. Porpax jerdoniana (Wight) Rolfe B. Porpax reticulata Lindl. C. Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Blume D. Smithsonia maculata (Dalzell) C.J.Saldanha E. Smithsonia straminea C.J.Saldanha F. Smithsonia viridiflora (Dalzell) C.J.Saldanha G. Vanda testacea (Lindl.) Rchb.f. H. Zeuxine gracilis (Breda) Blume I. Zeuxine longilabris (Lindl.) Trimen

Results

The orchids collected from Yellapur Taluk have been enumerated in Table 1.

The specimens were collected by Shreyas Betageri and K. Kotresha. Collector number and date with localities are mentioned.

Table 1. Wild orchids collected from Yellapur taluk, Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka.

Scientific name

Habitat

Flowering

Collection details

Endemic

Status

Acampe ochracea (Lindl.) Hochr.

E

December-January

Kaiga-Kadra ghat, 0025/18-12-2021

-

O

Acampe praemorsa (Roxb.) Blatt. & McCann

E

December-April

Khalgatagi Road, 0027/22-01-2022

-

C

Aerides crispum Lindl.

E

May-June

Arbail Ghat, 0098/28-05-2022

***

R

Aerides maculosum Lindl.

E

May-August

Yellapur, 0156/05-06-2022

***

C

Aerides ringens (Lindl.) C.E.C.Fisch.

E

March in Yellapur

Yellapur, 0107/13-06-2022

-

O

Bulbophyllum sterile (Lam.) Suresh

E

January-March

Kaiga-Kadra ghat, 0038/05-01-2022

***

C

Bulbophyllum stocksii (Benth. ex Hook.f.) J.J.Verm.

E

December-February

Kaiga-Kadra ghat, 0023/05-12-2021

***

C

Chiloschista confusa Mathew, M.J., Mathew, J., 
Salim, P.M. & Szlach.

E

April-May

Kaiga-Kadra ghat, 0069/21-04-2022

***

R

Chiloschista glandulosa Blatt. & McCann

E

January-February

Kaiga-Kadra ghat, 0037/11-01-2022

***

R

Cleisostoma tenuifolium (L.) Garay

E

June-August

Kaiga-Kadra ghat, 0120/29-06-2022

-

O

Cottonia peduncularis (Lindl.) Rchb.f.

E

February-April

Angoda, 0030/27-12-2022

-

O

Crepidium versicolor (Lindl.) Susil K. Singh,
D.K.Agarwala & Jalal

T

June-August

Angoda/Arbail ghat, 0115/29-06-2022

-

O

Cymbidium bicolor Lindl.

E

April-May

Kaiga-Kadra ghat, 0154/09-05-2022

-

C

Dendrobium barbatulum Lindl.

E

February-March

Idgundi road, 0040/03-02-2022

***

R

Dendrobium herbaceum Lindl.

E

October-November

Magod falls road, 0016/07-11-2021

*

R

Dendrobium lawianum Lindl.

E

March-April

Angoda, 0063/27-03-2022

***

C

Dendrobium macrostachyum Lindl.

E

May-June

Angoda, 0090/11-05-2-22

-

C

Dendrobium microbulbon A.Rich.

E

Nov-Mar

Kaiga Ghat, 0019/05-12-2021

***

R

Dendrobium nanum Hook.f.

E

August-November

Angoda, 0011/07-11-2021

***

R

Dendrobium ovatum (L.) Kraenzl.

E

November-March

Angoda/Arbail ghat, 0022/23-11-2021

**

O

Diplocentrum congestum Wight

E

May-June

Arbail ghat, 0102/01-06-2022

***

O

Epipogium roseum (D.Don) Lindl.

Mh

May

Arbail ghat, 0056/15-05-2022

-

O

Eria filiformis (Wight) Rchb.f.

E

July-August

Angoda, 0131/27-07-2022

***

R

Eulophia densiflora Lindl.

T

July-August

Khalgatagi Road, 0117/29-06-2022

-

O

Eulophia spectabilis (Dennst.) Suresh

T

May-July

Arbail ghat, 0099/28-05-2022

-

O

Flickingeria nodosa (Dalzell) Seidenf.

E

June-August.

Angoda/Arbail ghat, 0092/19-05-2022

***

O

Gastrochilus flabelliformis (Blatt. & McCann)
C.J.Saldanha

E

September-November

Angoda/Kaiga ghat, 0165/28-10-2021

***

R

Habenaria crinifera Lindl.

T

July-August

Kadra, 0156/25-07-2022

-

R

Habenaria grandifloriforms Blatt. & McCann

T

June-August

Magod falls Road, 0116/29-06-2022

**

C

Habenaria heyneana Lindl.

T

July-August

Magod falls Road, 0129/27-07-2022

***

R

Habenaria longicorniculata J.Graham

T

July-August

Angoda/Arbail ghat, 0140/14-08-2022

-

C

Habenaria ovalifolia Wight

T

July-August

Khalgatagi Road, 0124/15-07-2022

***

R

Habenaria multicaudata Sedgw.

T

September

Magod falls, 0164/11-09-2022

***

R

Habenaria plantaginea Lindl.

T

Septemebr-October

Khalgatagi Road, 0157/29-09-2022

-

R

Liparis odorata (Willd.) Lindl.

T

August-September

Arbail ghat, 0150/02-09-2022

-

O

Luisia macrantha Blatt. & McCann

E

January-March

Arbail ghat/Kaiga ghat, 0043/28-01-2022

***

O

Luisia zeylanica Lindl.

E

May-June

Kadra, 0081/29/04/2022

-

O

Nervilia concolor (Blume) Schltr.

T

May

Arbail ghat, 0100/28-05-2022

-

C

Nervilia crociformis (Zoll. & Mor.) Seidenf.

T

May-June

Angoda/Arbail/Kaiga, 0104/06-06-2022

-

C

Nervilia infundibulifolia Blatt. & McCann

T

May-June

Angoda, 0095/26-05-2022

-

C

Nervilia plicata (Andrews) Schltr.

T

May-June

Khalgatagi Road, 0119/30-06-2022

-

R

Oberonia falconeri Hook.f.

E

August-October

Arbail ghat, 0008/15-11-2021

-

O

Oberonia proudlockii King & Pantl.

E

January-February

Angoda, 0051/10-02-2022

***

R

Oberonia verticillata Wight

E

July-September

Arbial gaht/Angoda, 0135/06-08-2022

***

O

Pecteilis gigantea (Sm.) Raf.

E

September-october

Kanoor, 0158/15-09-2022

-

O

Peristylus aristatus Lindl.

T

August-September

Kaiga-Kadra ghat, 0145/26-08-2022

-

R

Peristylus densus (Lindl.) Santapau & Kapadia

T

August-September

Magod falls road, 0138/14-08-2022

-

R

Peristylus plantagineus (Lindl.) Lindl.

T

August-September

Angoda/Arbail ghat, 0137/14-08-2022

-

C

Pholidota imbricata Hook.

E

June-August

Angoda/Arbail ghat, 0122/08-07-2022

-

C

Polystachya concreta (Jacq.) Garay & H.R.Sweet

E

August-October

Angoda, 0126/16-07-2022

-

C

Porpax jerdoniana (Wight) Rolfe

E

June-July

Kanoor, 0112/21-06-2022

***

C

Porpax reticulata Lindl.

E

April-May

Kanoor/Angoda, 0112/21-06-2022

-

O

Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Blume

E

May-June

Angoda/Magod falls, 0094 /26-05-2022

-

O

Smithsonia maculata (Dalzell) C.J.Saldanha

E

April-May

Kanoor, 0086/30-05-2022

***

R

Smithsonia straminea C.J.Saldanha

E

April-June

Kaiga-Kadra ghat, 0067/10-04-2022

***

C

Smithsonia viridiflora (Dalzell) C.J.Saldanha

E

April-May

Angoda, 0083/30-04-2022

***

R

Vanda testacea (Lindl.) Rchb.f.

E

April-May

Khalgatagi Road, 0080/28-04-2022

-

O

Zeuxine gracilis (Breda) Blume

T

January-February

Angoda, 0049/20-01-2022

-

R

Zeuxine longilabris (Lindl.) Trimen

T

December-February

Magod falls road, 0049/10-02-2022

-

C
E.- Epiphytic, T.- Terrestrial, Mh.- Mycoheterotropic, R.- Rare, O.- Occasional, C.- Common, *- Endemic to India, **- Endemic to Western & Eastern Ghats, ***- Endemic to Western Ghats.

Appendicies

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How to cite

Betageri, S. and Kotresha, K., 2022. Orchids of Yellapur taluk, Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka. Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products, 29(4), pp.185-192. https://doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2023-G7L437

Publication History

Manuscript Received on 24 January 2023

Manuscript Revised on 03 March 2023

Manuscript Accepted on 06 March 2023

Manuscript Published on 10 March 2023

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