Juglans regia L.  (Walnut) is a medicinal plant that has been widely used in traditional medicine for a wide array of ailments . Walnut is common fruit which is used as food supplement  all over the world. All the plant parts of walnut are used as medicine in the treatment of various diseases. Walnut oil can be used to fight against bacterial infections. The present attempts to provide comprehensive  fruit information on varietal evaluation of  walnut viz., Kotkhai Selection –I, Pratap and Govind  varieties growing in temperate conditions of Himachal Pradesh at an elevation of 1800 m above mean sea level, planted during 2003. Yield of different varieties of Walnut indicates average yield of shells ranging between 146.66 g to 200 g.  Sample fruits bearing initiated after a gap of 8-9 years of its plantation. Increasing trend in yield was observed during past three years  (2014-2016) and significant variation was observed in yield on the basis of variety. Study concluded that Kotkhai Selection –I variety of Walnut is recommended for farmers to grow in temperate conditions for better yield.

Indigenous knowledge on the usage of medicinal plants all over the world precedes the origin of modern medicine in healthcare system. Plants have given many health benefits to humans since ancient times. Drynaria quercifolia commonly called Oak Leaf Fern, is used in traditional medicinal system by different groups of people to treat various kinds of health problems however, in Ayurvedic System of Medicine it is sold in the name of ‘Ashwakatri’. The present study aims to document the traditional medicinal knowledge on Drynaria quercifolia in the Kodagu district. The folk knowledge believes that the host specific Drynaria quercifolia has considered as strong and effective medicine. This ferns collected from only specific tree species can be extracted for its medicinal value. Paper also deals with the tradition information on the preparation and consumption of folk medicine. Though the medicinal uses of Drynaria quercifolia has been described by many workers, the practice of traditional medicines significantly varies from region to region and also in the similar location of the same region. The survey was conducted in the Kodagu district of Karnataka to document the traditional medicinal usage of fern Drynaria quercifolia. To generate the information on traditional knowledge, frequent discussions and semi-structured interviews with folk healers viz., natividyas, knowledgeable individuals and forest tribes. Based on the results of the study it is found that this species is used for curing jaundice as folk medicine and the medicinal value of the fern which is extracted only from those individuals growing on specific host trees viz., Artocarpus hirsutus, Ficus mysorensis, F. benghalensis and Mangifera indica have found the effective results than the species growing on other trees. Study concluded that the host specific trees of Drynaria quercifolia are more effective in treating ailments.

Livestock is one of the major sources of livelihood and vital part of the agriculture and economy for the inhabitants of Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve (CDBR) in the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR). The tribal communities are dependent on plant resources for fodder to feed the livestock. The review of literature revealed that focused studies on fodder resources of the CDBR have not been carried out so far. Therefore, the present study attempts to specify 270 species of fodder representing trees (03 spp.), shrubs (24 spp.) and herbs (243 spp.). Poaceae (105 spp.) and Polygonaceae (34 spp.) were dominant families and Poa (18 spp.), Carex and Polygonum (11 spp., each), and Festuca (10 spp.) were species rich genera. Maximum species were found in the 3000 ~ 4000 m zone. Most collected fodder species from wild includes Trigonella emodii, Cicer microphyllum, Aconogonum tortuosum, Clematis ladakhiana, Cousinea thomsonii, Carex infuscata, Festuca rubra, Leymus secalinus, etc. Only 88 species were native to the Himalayan Region, 11 species were endemic and 37 species were near endemic. Ecological assessment of the fodder species using quadrate method, and rotational grazing of livestock by tribal communities and Gaddis; and development of management plan and policy briefs are suggested.

Honeybees response to landing guide located on flowers of Smithia hirsuta Dalzell, an endemic herb of India is studied. The bees perceive the colour contrast as landing guide which serve as a map to the concealed floral reward, the nectar. Hence they associate these with nectar and forage precision with maximum energy conservation. Detailed taxonomy of S. hirsuta Dalzell is also provided.

A rare species Icmadophila ericetorum (L.) Zahlbr., earlier reported from West–Bengal hills  in India, is recorded second time from Sikkim. The species is briefly characterized and its ecology and distribution is discussed.

This paper highlights a brief description of Adhatoda zeylanica Medic (Acanthaceae) is provided along with its medicinal use to cure malarial fever.

Madhya Pradesh is known to harbour a rich wealth of medicinal plants.  An attempt has been made to prepare a detailed account on therapeutic uses of bark drug obtained from tree species found in Madhya Pradesh State. The paper deals with the 72 barks of tree species of probable medicinal potential, belonging to 56 genera and 33 families. The information has been gathered from available literature on medicinal plants and field surveys.

The present floristic investigation from Pocharam Wildlife Sanctuary reveals that the floral diversity of the Sanctuary is represented by a total of the 757 taxa belonging to 487 genera and 103 families with 4 sub species and 3 varieties occurring in the study area.

The present paper is an attempt to assess the ethnobotanical floristic diversity of Shikari Devi Wildlife Sanctuary, located in Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh.Two species  (i.e., Pimpinella acuminata and Scrophularia himalensis) were found endemic to the Indian Himalayan Region.