Agarwood is a resinous heartwood of various species of Thymelaeaceae primarily Aquilaria and Gyrinops with aromatic, cultural and medicinal uses. Owing to overexploitation in the wild the trees have become endangered, and cultivation has started all over the natural range and even outside under various agroforestry systems. The present review provides an overview of all the agroforestry systems based on agarwood worldwide and lists the species used in interplanting with agarwood. It also suggests means of raising successful plantations and the associated risks.

The study was conducted from January 2019 to January 2020 in 6 villages inhabited by Siraji community of Siraj valley of Kullu district in Himachal Pradesh. Among the biodiversity components, the economically important plants are commonly used by the Siraji community in their daily lives for various purposes. Among the various health related issues of women, gynaecological problems are mostly seen in the region which greatly affects the female health. The aim of this study was to collect information and document the folk medicinal plant knowledge used by the Siraji community. Women of the region still have faith in local herbs for the treatment of their health-related issues. Data were collected from 30 informants, including local elderly people and traditional practitioners of the area, through interviews and questionnaire. In total, 35 plant species (22 wild and 13 cultivated) used to treat gynaecological problems. The present paper gave an overview of the uses of ethnomedicinal plants and also suggests the measures for promoting awareness among the native community.

Premna herbacea Roxb. (family- Lamiaceae) is well documented for its therapeutic potential in Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani system of medicine. The species has been identified as a pyro herb based on its gross morphological features and fire regulated ecology as its likely survival strategy in habitats that experience repeated fires. The available knowledge on its ecology, phytochemical profile and pharmacological properties, which is limited in nature, was critically reviewed to provide evidence and justification to its ethno-medicinal claims and research prospects respectively.

Ferns exhibit wide distribution in the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR), with Himachal Pradesh providing optimal climatic conditions for diverse fern species. This study documents the ethnobotanical applications of 45 pteridophyte species, spanning 16 families and 21 genera in Himachal Pradesh. Pteridophytes hold economic importance due to their edibility, ornamental appeal, and medicinal properties. Local communities extensively employ Pteridophytes with medicinal attributes to address various health concerns, including boils, wounds, colds, coughs, gastrointestinal diseases, gonorrhea, typhoid, urinary problems, uterine disorders, and hair loss. Moreover, Pteridophytes exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-swelling properties, where plant paste is directly applied to the skin for swelling reduction. The monsoon season sees substantial growth of ferns in moisture-rich soil. Apart from their utilitarian purposes, ferns contribute to aesthetic values and serve as outdoor and ornamental plants. Noteworthy ornamental ferns, such as Adiantum capillus-veneris, Pteris cretica, Pteris multifida, Polypodium polypodioides, and Lepisorus thunbergianus, are acknowledged for their potential to enhance air quality. Diplazium esculentum, an edible fern, stands out as a popular and nutritious cuisine in Himachal Pradesh. The article concludes with recommendations for the conservation and sustainable utilization of ethnobotanically significant Pteridophytes in Himachal Pradesh.

Traditional healers in India hold a prominent place within the country’s healthcare landscape due to their deep-rooted cultural heritage and holistic approaches to well-being spanning diverse systems such as Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, and indigenous tribal practices. These healers offer natural remedies and personalized care, often in rural or remote areas of the state of Meghalaya where traditional healers play a highly significant role in rural health care since access to modern medical facilities are limited or non-existent. The study was carried out in selected villages across East Khasi Hills district, Meghalaya to quantitatively analyze the medicinal plants used by the traditional healers. Field surveys were carried out during the year 2021–2022 in order to document the medicinal plants used by the traditional healers in the selected villages. A total of 4 villages were selected i.e. Mawlyngbna, Lawbah, Thyllaw and Sohbar village. Of the selected villages, 10 traditional healers were interviewed and a structured questionnaire was used to collect data on local plant names, uses, parts used, and modes of preparation and administration; the collected data was analyzed through informant consensus factor (F_ic), use value (UV), Informant agreement ratio (IAR) and fidelity level (FL).

Present study was conducted to identify and document 143 species of the ethnomedicinal plants, belonging to 124 genera in 50 families, used by the tribals inhabiting villages of Gunri Panchayat of Sathyamangalam Taluk, Erode District, Tamilnadu in India, The collected data on ethnomedicinal plants may be used for pharmacological research for the discovery of new drugs in future.

The paper deals with 35 species of plants  covering 27 families used for  curing headache, migraine and sinusitis  by the tribes of Khammam district, Andhra Pradesh. Capparis brevispina and 25  practices were found to be less known.

The paper enumerates 60 species of Ethnomedicinal plants belonging to 29 families growing in the botanical garden of Veer Saheed Keshari Chand Government Post graduate College Dakpathar of Uttarakhand in India along with their uses.