Food insecurity and poverty have been affecting the livelihood of the rural poor since ages. It is posing a major challenge to the sustainable development of a developing country like India. In such countries, land and soil degradation has emerged as an offshoot of excessive population pressure over the limited resources. Agricultural production in the developing countries has seldom matched the needs of the people. Agro forestry has the potential to arrest land degradation and improve site productivity through interaction with trees, soil, crops and livestock. Agro forestry is also a potential option for improving rural livelihood and enhancing integrated management of the natural resource base. Agro forestry systems can play an important role in carbon mitigation programmes through carbon sequestration and can reduce the pressure on existing natural forests by providing fuel, fodder, timber and wood products to the farmers. The current interest in agro forestry in India has transformed the land-use system in terms of economic sustainability. This article briefly reviews about the concept of Poplar and Bamboo based agro forestry systems as adopted extensively by the farmers on a commercial and environmental conservation scale. These systems play a significant role to meet the economic, social and environmental concerns of the villagers.

The present paper reports 17 plants of ethno-medicinal importance from Tribal area of Ratapani Sanctuary of Raisen District, Madhya Pradesh.

Indian Western Himalaya has a rich plant diversity/ bio-resources due to the large variations in the altitude (300 to 6000 ms) and climatic conditions from tropical, temperate to alpine. The paper sheds light on the issues and challenges of climate change in the Western Himalaya; its impact on the plant diversity (wild plants, crops, fruits); loss of plant diversity and livelihood of the local communities; impact on the phenology of plant species; possible mitigation strategies to combat the impact of climate change. The Western Himalayan region has a rich diversity of plant diversity or bio resources. These bio resources (wild plants, crops, fruits) have been used by the local communities in the form of traditional medicines and foods from pre-historic periods or since the settlement of human communities in this region. These communities used these bio-resources as a source of income by their cultivation and selling in the markets. They are also involved in the traditional agriculture and horticulture practices and for that dependent on the climatic conditions (rate of precipitation, temperature, humidity) throughout the year.  Hence stable environment conditions a pre requisite for better production and productivity. But in the last 100 years an increased in the temperature on earth brought large variation in the climate of Himalayan region too. The extreme climatic conditions will make Himalayan ecosystem more fragile, less productive and more prone towards disasters or natural calamities. Long term planning is required to understand the impact of climate change in the Western Himalaya along with some new strategies to mitigate its impact.

Chloris quinquesetica Bhide and Tripogon idukkianus Sunil & Pradeep collected from different parts of Tamil Nadu arebeing reported as new distributional records to the state.

The paper deals with 27 species of plants used by the tribes of Khammam district, Andhra Pradesh, for curing stomach ache. Capparis brevispina and17 practices were found to be less known.

The natural range of distribution, conservation status and pollen morphology of Meistera newmanii (M. Sabu  & V.P. Thomas) Skornick. & M.F. Newman, an endemic and threatened wild ginger of Western Ghats is discussed.

The present study documents ethnomedicinal plants used by the local inhabitants of Kullu Valley to cure various gynaecological problems. Result shows total 15 plants species are being used by the women to cure these ailments.

The present paper deals with twenty taxa of Cyperaceae as new distributional records for Madhya Pradesh. Correct nomenclature with citation, description, flowering and fruiting, habitat and specimen details are provided.

Studies were carried to find out the effect of pre-sowing seed treatments to alleviate the dormancy of Palmyrah. A total of ten pre- sowing treatments viz., soaking in water for 24 h, soaking in 1% cow dung solution for 24 h and control (dry seeds) were given to fresh nuts of Palmyrah. At 4, 7, 12, 18 and 24 months after planting in the field, performance of seedlings were evaluated for field emergence, seedling height and the results revealed that seeds soaked in 1% cow dung solution followed by seeds soaked in 1% CaOCl₂ (103 days). Seven months after sowing the seeds soaked in 1% CaOcl₂ recorded the highest field emergence of 56% with high leave production per seedling (2.1) when compared to control. This study also confirms the effect of pre-sowing treatments on field emergence and frond production of Palmyrah nut which has dormancy.

Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) refer to all biological materials other than timber, which are collected from natural forests for human use, viz. tannin, dyes, gum, resins, medicines, fodder, forage, oil seeds, edible wild plants, fibres, etc. The present article communicates information on importance of some potential Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) from tribal inhabited localities of Ratlam district (M.P.)