A field experiment was carried out for three consecutive years (2009-2012) in Rongbonghat, Karbi Anglong District, Assam. Culm cutting of Bambusa balcona was planted in four different spacing trial (3x3, 3x4, 4x4 and 5x5m) intercropped with Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale Ros.). Culm length and collar diameter of Bamboo in both solo plantation as well as intercropped with Turmeric and Ginger recorded significantly more in 5x5m spacing during third year of experimentation. Remarkable variations have been noticed in different spacing trials. Emergence of new shoot recorded more or less equal in both solo and mixed plantation. Productivity of crop observed maximum in 5x5m and 4x4m spacing of B. halcooa. Yield was found to be declined in subsequent year of cropping which is due to competition of nutrients between two growing crops. Productivity of Ginger observed relatively high compared to Turmeric during third year of experimentation. Comparatively less value of pH, organic carbon and NPK was noticed in soil under intercropping. The rate of mineralization of organic nitrogen may not compensate the nutrient requirement of fast growing Bamboo species resulted decrease value of available nitrogen under reduced spacing. Available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium content increase significantly in 5x5m spacing trial in both solo and intercropped plots. Uptake of nutrient by the growing crop and Bamboo play a vital role in this regard.

Experiments were conducted to develop a high seed yielding Pongamia pinnata clone through cleft grafting and to estimate the grafting compatibility, survival and growth attributes of grafted plant over a period of seven weeks besides assessing the survival percentage, plant height (cm), number of leaves in the grafted clones in comparison with check under field conditions. The results in the nursery stage exhibited good graft compatibility, higher survival percentage (93.0%) and more number of sprouts (26.6) in grafted plants. Biometric observations recorded in the field at 4 MAP (Months After Planting) revealed that the initial height growth and the number of leaves in the grafted plants (61.9cm; 285.6) was more than the check (42.9cm; 121.4) while at 12 MAP, survival percentage was more in the check. Considering the good graft compatibility in cleft grafting, it could be used as an efficient tool for mass multiplication of Pungam clones with high seed productivity.

A series of experiment were conducted to develop micro propagation protocol of Jatropha curcas through axillary buds and shoot apices. Maximum shoot regeneration was obtained on MS medium supplemented with BAP (Img/l). Shoot multiplication was best achieved by culturing in vitro raised shoots on MS + BAP (1.0mgˉ¹) +GA, (7.0mgˉ¹) + Glutamine (50.0mgˉ¹). Maximum root induction occurred at ½ MS+ IBA (2.0mgˉ¹). In vitro raised plantlets with shoots and roots were successfully transferred to the field conditions.

Smilax glabra Roxb. (Suksini, Green Briar' or 'Cat Briar") is less known but very important medicinal plant, which is found mainly in hilly forest areas of Assam especially in Southern Assam (Barak Valley). Mainly the rhizome of this medicinal plant is used as anti-cancerous, anti inflammatory, anti fungal, for sexual disfunction and menstrual disorders etc. The plant is very important from industrial as well as pharmaceutical point of view. Due to over exploitation and habitat destruction, this medicinal plant is becoming endangered.

The present communication is to focus with the preliminary physicochemical, fluorescence and phytochemical analysis of whole plant of Rumex dentatus L. (Polygonaceae). Traditionally this species is used as anti- inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-dermatitis, astringent, bactericidal, cholagogue, diuretic, laxative and tonic. Presently herbal drugs produced in the developing countries lack proper quality specification and standards and therefore have no consistency in quality. Thus, the main purpose of this investigation is to maintain batch to batch consistency of this highly medicinal herb with the help of these valuable parameters, which will be helpful to study the active secondary metabolites using modern analytical techniques in the later part of this investigation.

A field experiment was conducted to find out the effect of different levels of fertilizer and spacing on growth and nutrient content in soil and leaves of Jatropha curcas L. The plants grown in closer (2 x 2 m) spacing) produced maximum plant height (144.74 cm). Whereas, rest of all other parameters viz., collar diameter (6.53 cm), number of branches per plant (6.0), number of leaves per plant (217.78), total leaf area (3099.22 cm²) were found maximum in 2 x 3 m spacing, whereas available N, P & K and total percentage of N, P and K in leaves were found non-significant. In case of various fertilizers levels, significantly higher plant height (135.58 cm), collar diameter (5.71 cm), number of branches per plant (5.33), number of leaves per plant (203.86), total leaf area (29.15.00 cm²), available N (258.91 kg haˉ¹), P (46.05 kg haˉ¹) & K (363.96 kg haˉ¹) and total percentage of N (2.51%), P (0.28%) & K (0.68 %) were registered under 50:120:50 kg NPK haˉ¹. The interaction effect between fertilizer and spacing was found non-significant for all parameters.

Phytochemicals from the leaves and stem bark of Cassia roxburghii and leaves and stem of Hyptis suaveolens were extracted using different solvents of various polarities such as petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and water. The antibacterial activity was carried out against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus by disc diffusion method. Among the solvent extracts, methanol extract was most effective against the tested microorganisms. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, coumarin, flavonoids, tannins and terpenoids.

Ipomoea mauritiana is one of the important medicinal tuberous root crop, roots are used medicinally to cure a number of diseases, the roots of this plant are used in Ayurvedic preparation Chavanaprash. Due to several medicinal properties, this species is under increasing demand by pharmaceutical industry. Standardization of propagation and cultivation practices are needed to produces quality roots. In present study, four different spacings were used viz. 30×15 cm, 30x30 cm, 30x45 cm and 30×60 cm. The cuttings were planted in the month of August and plant growth; yield was recorded for eight months after planting. The observations revealed that the spacing 30×60 cm performed better as compared to other spacing, for survival percentage, number of branches, number of tubers, weight of tubers and biomass of tuber. Hence, from the present studies it can be conducted that the growth and yield of Ipomoea mauritiana should be planted at wider spacing for maximization of tuber yield.

The severity of damaging human-induced climate change depends not only on the magnitude of the change but also on the potential for irreversibility. This review paper shows that the climate change that takes place due to increases in carbon dioxide concentration is largely irreversible for 1,000 years after emissions stop. Following cessation of emissions, removal of atmospheric carbon dioxide decreases radiative forcing, but is largely compensated by slower loss of heat to the ocean, so that atmospheric temperatures do not drop significantly for at least 1,000 years. Among illustrative irreversible impacts that should be expected if atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations increase from current levels near 385 parts per million by volume (ppmv) to a peak of 450-600 ppmv over the coming century are irreversible dry-season rainfall reductions in several regions comparable to those of the "dust bow!" era and inexorable sea level rise. Thermal expansion of the warming ocean provides a conservative lower limit to irreversible global average sea level rise of at least 0.4-1.0 m if 21st century CO₂, concentrations exceed 600 ppmv and 0.6-1.9 m for peak CO₂, concentrations exceeding =1,000 ppmv. Additional contributions from glaciers and ice sheet contributions to future sea level rise are uncertain but may equal or exceed several meters over the next millennium or longer. To take into account the breadth of concern, a brief review is describing such environmental care for future.

The present investigation provides information on wild edible plants with potential medicinal values from the Kinnaur district, Himachal Pradesh. Informed consent semi-structured interviews from 179 inhabitants. of seventeen villages from three blocks were conducted to collect the research data. A total of thirty three ethno- medicinal wild edible plants belonging to nineteen families and twenty five genera were documented. Of these, twenty one were herbs, nine shrubs and three tree species. Prunus armenica and Zanthoxylum armatum were most significant ethno-medicinal wild edible plant species and these species still have importance among the people of the region. Many other wild edible plants such as Ephedra gerardiana, Podophyllum hexandrum, Berberis spp, Bergenia ciliata, B. stracheyi, Rheum australe, R. webbianum, Podophyllum hexandrum species though considered medicinal but are not used for this purposes and edible parts of these species are simply regarded as supplementary food. The practice of using wild edible plants still exists among the rural populations of Kinnaur district, but is vanishing fast. Consequently, the recording, preserving, and documentation of this traditional knowledge to future generations is essential.

The present invention highlights of herbal composition of Citrus limon, Trapha natans, Tegetes erecta, Azadirachta indica and Sesamum indicum to cure eczema.

The present paper deals with ferns of Chandrabadani and surrounding areas of Tehri District. A total of 35 species belonging to 23 genera under 12 families, have been collected from the study area and are being reported in the present communication.

The present study documents the traditional wild food plants used by the primitive tribal groups of Visakhapatnam district. A total of 24 plant species involving 19 genera and 18 families are used as wild foods. Among them 7 species each are herbs and trees, 6 shrubs and 4 climbers. It is observed that traditional knowledge on wild food plants is quite high among the primitive tribal groups. Efforts should be made to educate younger generation of other tribal groups before the knowledge is lost.